PMC

Light microscopy images of transverse stem wood (A–D) and twig wood (E–H) sections of eight selected evergreen Australian tree species: (A) Angophora costata with both apotracheal and paratracheal axial parenchyma arrangements, (B) Persoonia linearis with unilateral paratracheal axial parenchyma and wide ray bands, (C) Synoum glandulosum with axial parenchyma bands and uniseriate rays, (D) Pittosporum undulatum with rare axial parenchyma and multiseriate rays. (E) Eucalyptus piperita with paratracheal axial parenchyma, (F) Banksia ericifolia with unilateral paratracheal axial parenchyma and wide ray bands, (G) Syzygium oleosum with both apotracheal and paratracheal axial parenchyma arrangements, and (H) Trochocarpa laurina with diffuse axial parenchyma. Scale bars indicate 100 µm.

Species of Acacia sampled in the sub-tropical region. (A–D) Transverse sections (TS); (E–H) tangential longitudinal sections (TLS). (A and E) Acacia elongata (Plurinerves) LH65. Some vessels occluded with gum, thick-walled fibres, axial parenchyma aliform and confluent, rays uniseriate. (B and F) Acacia fimbriata (Phyllodineae) LH61. Vessels in groups, very thick-walled and gelatinous fibres, axial parenchyma limited in extent and mainly scanty paratracheal to vasicentric, rays uniseriate. (C and G) Acacia complanata (Plurinerves) LH101. Vessels mainly in radial multiples, fibres thick walled, axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal to aliform, rays uniseriate. (D and H) Acacia bauerlenii (Plurinerves) LH70. Fibres thick walled, axial parenchyma scanty paratracheal to aliform and confluent, rays uniseriate. Prismatic crystals are not apparent. Scale bars = 100 μm.

Types of xylem parenchyma cells of selected gymnosperm and angiosperm species. Transverse sections of the secondary xylem of gymnosperm trees (a—Pinus sp., b—Picea sp., c—Abies sp.) and angiosperm trees (d—Aesculus sp., e—Populus sp., f—Fraxinus sp., g—Acer sp., h—Quercus sp.). Different types of xylem parenchyma are marked with various colours: ray parenchyma with green, paratracheal parenchyma with red, apotracheal parenchyma with blue, and terminal parenchyma with yellow. Epithelial cells in Picea sp. wood are marked with brown. Mature wood is shown in (a,b,c,d,h), and juvenile wood in (e,f,g). Abbreviations: ET—earlywood tracheids, LT—latewood tracheids, RC—resin canal, EV—earlywood vessel, LV—latewood vessel, V—vessel. Scale bars—100 µm.

Sapindaceae lianas: habit-related traits in the root wood. (A) Serjania caracasana. Vessel dimorphism and axial parenchyma in bands. (B) Serjania lethalis. Detail of large and small vessels, fiber bands alternating with parenchyma bands and scanty paratracheal parenchyma (white arrows). (C) Serjania caracasana. Septate fibres and series of axial parenchyma (blue arrows). (D) Thinouia scandens. Conspicuous vessel dimorphism and parenchyma-like fibre bands. (E) Urvillea rufescens. Parenchyma-like fibre bands interposed with ordinary fibres, creating a banding pattern. (F) Thinouia scandens. Parenchyma-like fibre bands and ordinary fibres, some being septate. (G) Paullinia carpopoda. Vasicentric parenchyma (white arrowheads); note the parenchyma bands alternating with the fibres. (H) Thinouia scandens. Ray dimorphism. (I) Serjania caracasana. Diarch root (green arrows). Yellow arrowheads, large vessels; black arrows, small vessels in radial multiples; white line, ordinary fibres; black line, parenchyma; yellow line, thin-walled fibres (parenchyma-like); blue arrowheads, septate fibres. (A, B, D, E, G, I) Cross-sections; (C, F, H) tangential sections.